Boiler.



PATENTED 00T. 4, 1904.

` B0ILER- APPLICATION FILED DEOJQ, 1903.

N0 MODEL.

PATENTED OCT. 4, 1904.

J. M. MGCLELLON.

BOILER.

APPLIGATION :FILED DB0.19, 190s.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

N0 MODEL.

No. 771,657. PATENTED 00T. 4, 1904.

J. M. MOGLELLON.

y BOILER. APPLICATION FILED DEO. 19, 1903.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

N0 MODEL.

UNITED STATES- Patented october 4, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

BolLEFz.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 771,657, dated October4, 1904.

Application filed December 19, 1903. Serial No. 185,781. (No model.)

To V all whom it muy concern.'

Be it known that I, JAMES M. MCCLELLON, a citizen of the United States,residing at Everett, county of Suffolk, and State of Massachusetts, haveinvented an Improvement in Boilers, of which the following description,in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, likefigures on the drawings representing like parts.

This invention has for its object the production of a novel boiler inwhich all lstayed surfaces are absolutely eliminated, this object beingaccomplished by making the boiler entirely of water-tubes, certain ofwhich are so arranged as to form the side walls of thecombustion-chamber and others of which are arranged to form the top ofthe boiler.

The invention can be embodied in boilers of different types and thatwhich Il have herein chosen to illustrate is a stationary or marine yboiler.

In the best form of my invention now known to me two of the opposedsides of the boiler are formed by closely-arranged horizontallyextendingwater-tubes, the other two opposed sides by closely-arrangedvertically-extending water-tubes, and the top by still other watertubes,these latter tubes being spaced slightly from each other, so as toafford between them outlets for the escape of the products ofcombustion. Extending across the interior of the combustion-chamber arecrossed inclined and also horizontal water-tubes. With such aconstruction all of the spaces in the boiler in which water or steam isconfined are in the form of tubes, which it is well known can be made towithstanda very high pressure without being stayed.

Another feature of the invention relates to the construction whereby anyindividualtube can be readily removed and a new one inserted in casesuch action is necessary.

Referring to the drawings, Figure l is a sectional view of a stationaryor marine boiler embodying my invention,.taken on substantially the linea: m, Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a part top plan view and part section of theboiler shown in Fig. l, this section being taken substantially on theline y; and Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view of a slightly-differentform of boiler embodying my invention.

In constructing the boiler illustrated in the drawings I form twoopposed sides of the boiler by superimposed closely-arranged horizontalwater-tubes 8 and the other two opposed sides by closely-arrangedvertical watertubes 4. For convenience in describing the invention Iwill hereinafter refer to the sides of the boiler which are formed bythe horizontal tub'es 3 as the sides and the sides formed by thevertical tubeseas the ends of the boiler. The tubes 3 at the sides ofthe boiler rest on each other and will be connected in any suitable way.Herein I have illustrated them as united by the dovetailed key-pieces 5,which are preferably used at the ends of tubes only,

though any other convenient way of connecting them could be employedwithout departing from my invention. The ends of the tubes 3 areconnectedV to vertically-extending headers or large tubes 6, one ofwhich stands at each corner of the boiler. The connection between thetubes 3 and the vertical headers 6 may be made in any suitable way, butpreferably by means of suitable nipples 7, which are expanded into theends of the tubes and into apertures in the side of the headers 6. Theseheaders are preferably square exteriorly, but may be either square orround interiorly and are, in effect, large water-tubes. Thevertically-arranged tubes 4 are also preferably fiat-sided tubes, asshown best in Fig. 2, and the end tubes at each end of the boiler abutagainst the adjacent vertical headers 6. The lower ends of the tubes eare nippled or otherwise secured to cross-tubes or headers 8, whichextend across from one riser 6 to the other and which are nippled orotherwise secured to such risers. In the form of boiler shown in Fig. lsaid tubes 8 are situated somewhat above the bottom of the boiler andform the'top of the firing-doors. Below the tiring-door there may beanother cross-tube 9, which is nippled into the vertical risers.

l0 designates the usual grates.

In the formvof the invention shown in Fig. l the topv of the boiler isformed by two sets of tubes 1l and 12, which preferably stand at anangle of substantially forty-iive degrees, the tubes 11 being oppositelyinclined from the tubes 12, as best seen in Fig'. 1. r1`he lower ends ofthe tubes 11 are expanded into, nippled, or otherwise appropriatelysecured to the upper horizontal tube 3 at one side of the boiler and thelower ends of the tubes 12 are similarly secured to the upper horizontaltube 3 at the opposite side of the boiler. The upper horizontal tube 3at each side of the boiler thereby acts as a header for the tubes 11 and12. The upper ends of all the tubes 11 and 12 are either expanded into,nippled, or otherwise secured to a steamdome 13, which is in 4the natureof a drum extending the full length oi the boiler. The upper ends of allthe tubes 4, except the central tubes at each end of the boiler, aresecured tothe corresponding end tubes 11 or 12, this preferably being'done by bending the tubes 4 slightly at their ends, so as to make themstand perpendicular to the tubes 11 or 12, and then expanding ornipplingsaid tubes 4 to the tubes 11 or 12. The upper ends of the center tubes 4of each series are suitably secured directly to the drum either bynippling or expanding them, as shown in Fig. 1. The end tubes 11 and 12are,in efect, tubular headers for the vertical tubes 4. rl`he tubes 11and 12 are spaced slightly from each other, as best seen in Fig. 2, thespace between them affording outlet for the products of combustion. Inthe interior of the boiler or combustion-chamber are crossed inclinedwater-tubes 14 and 15, standing at an angle of substantially forty-{ivedegrees, said tubes being preferably arranged in rows. The tubes 14,constituting one row, extend from one of lthe tubes 12 at the top of theboiler to the various tubular headers 3 at the lett-hand side of theboiler, and the tubes 15, 'forming the next adjacent row, extend fromone of the tubular headers 11 to the tubes 3 atthe right-hand side ofthe boiler. It will thus be seen that the tubes 11 and 12 at the top ofthe boiler are headers for the tubes 14 and 15 and are therefore headersas well as watertubes. These tubes 14 and 15 are secured to the tubes orheaders 3, 12, or 11 in any suitable Way, either by expanding ornippling them thereto. Between the tubes 14 and 15 arehorizontally-extending tubes 16, which extend from the tubes 4 at oneend of the boiler to those at the other end of the boiler and are eithernippled or expanded to said tubes 4. Said tubes 4 are therefore headersfor the horizontal tube 16. In this particular construction of boilerthe tubes 3, 4, 11, and 12 have the function of headers, since theyserve to connect other tubes or headers which are expanded into them. Itwill be understood, however, that if the horizontal tubes 16 wereadmitted from the boiler the tubes 4 would not be header-tubes ortubular lheaders 4. .provided with removable plugs l23 opposite In thespecification and claims, therefore, I have used the term headers ortubular headers when referring to a water-.tube into which otherwater-tubes or headers are expanded. From the above construction it willbe seen that all of the sides of the combustion-chamber are formed byclosely-arranged water-tubes or headers, and the top is formed by otherwater-tubes or headers, which are spaced slightly from each other topermit of the escape of the products of combustion,and the interior ofthe boiler is filled by watertubes so arranged as to permit of thefreest possible circulation of Water. rlhe water which rises in theinclined tubes 14 and 15 will pass into the tubes or headers 12 and 11,and part of the water will pass down said tubes or headers into theupper tube or header 3 and from the latter down the risers to other ofthe horizontal tubes or headers 3 and also through the tube 8 to thevertical tubes or headers. The boiler is so arranged,therefore, as topermit very free circulation of water and at the same time is soconstructed as to withstand a very high pressure without any danger ofleaks or explosions. Furthermore, the water is all confined incomparatively small bodies, and therefore it is possible to get up steamin a minimum length of time. In order to facilitate the building orrepair of the boiler, I have provided each tube or header with a pluggedaperture directly opposite the point where any other tube or header isnippled or expanded to such first-named tube. For instance, the tubes orheaders 3 are provided with apertures closed by removable plugs 20opposite the ends of each of the tubes 14 or 15. The tubes or headers 11and 12 are provided with similar apertures closed by removable plugs 21opposite the ends or' each of the tubes 14 or 15. The end tubes orheaders 11 and 12 are also provided with removable plugs 22 opposite theends o1 each of the tubes or The upper tubes or headers 3 are thc lowerends of each of the tubes or headers r1`he risers 6 are provided withremovable plugs 24 opposite the ends of each of the tubes or headers 3and also with other removable plugs 25 opposite the tubes 8 and 9. lViththis construction it is a simple matter to remove any one of the varioustubes forming the boiler and to insert a new tube in its place, ifnecessary. Moreover, this can be accomplished without disturbingparticularly any of the other tubes. The result of this construction isa simple and easily-constructed boiler, one which has a largeheatingsurface and in which steam can be quickly made, one which willwithstand an extremely high pressure without any danger of any partsgiving away, and one in which any of the tubes can be very easily andreadily removed and a new tube replaced without disturbing headers, butwould simply be water-tubes. l the other tubes.

TOO

IIC

each other and are riveted at their lower edges to the tube 3. The outersheets 30 are connected at their upper ends to the steam dome or drum13. In this form of boiler the crossed inclined tubes 14 and 15 areexpanded at their upper ends into the inner sheets 31, and the outersheets 30 will be provided with suitable plugs 32 opposite each ofsaidtubes, so that' upon removing any plug the corresponding tube may bereached for removal, if necessary. 33 designates iiues extending throughthe water-Space between the sheets 30 and 31 and through which theproducts of combustion from the combustion-chamber escape. In otherrespects the boiler shown in Fig. 3 is identical with that shown inFigs. 1 and 2. These lines also act as a means for staying the outersheets 30. 34 designates tie-rods which extend through the upper tube ofeach set of tubes 14 and 15 and serve to stay that portion of eachlouter sheet which is adjacent the steam-dome.

. There is another advantage which this boiler has over other types andwhich I will mention and that kis the ease with which boilers ofdiiferent sizes can be constructed. It will be seen that by simplyvarying the length o1' the side tubes or headers 3 the size o1' theboiler can be varied, or the same thing can be accomplished by employinga diierent number of tubes or headers 4 at the boiler ends.

While I have herein shown this invention as embodied in a stationary ormarine boiler, I do not wish to be limited to its use with this type o1lboiler, as .it may be embodied in other forms o1' boiler. It will beobvious, therefore, that many changes in the details otl constructionmay be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a steam-boiler, water-tubes forming the sides and top of saidboiler, the watertubes at two opposed sides extending horizontally, andwater-tubes in the interior of the boiler connecting saidhorizontally-extending tubes at the sides of the boiler to the tubes atthe top of the boiler, said horizontal tubes and tubes at the top of theboiler constituting headers for the tubes in the interior of the boiler.

2. Asteam-boiler having two o1' its opposed Sides formed byclosely-arranged .horizontal tubular headers and its top formed by othertubular headers, and water-tubes in the interior of the boilerconnecting the headers at the top of the boiler with thehorizontallyarranged headers.

3. A steam-boiler having its sides formed by closely-arrangedwater-tubes and its top by other water-tubes which are spaced from eachother, the closely-arranged water-tubes forming the walls o1' thecombustion-chamber and the spaces between the latter water-tubes at thetopoltl the boiler forming the outlets for the products of combustion.

4. A steam-boiler having its sides formed by closely arranged horizontalwater -tubes which form the walls of a combustion-chamber and its top byinclined water-tubes which are separated from each other, the spacebetween said inclined tubes affording an outlet for the products ofcombustion.

5. A steam-boiler having its sides and ends formedby closely-arrangedwater-tubes, the water-tubes at the sides extending horizontally.

6. A steam-boiler having its sides and ends formed by 'closely-arrangedwater-tubes, the water-tubes atv the sides extending horizontally, andvertical risers or headers at the corners to which said horizontal tubesare connected.

7. In a steam-boiler, two rows of superimposed horizontally extendingwater tubes forming the sides o1' the boiler, vertical risers at thecorners o1' the boiler to which said horizontal tubes are connected, andclosely-arranged vertical water-tu bes between the risers and formingthe ends of the boiler.

8. In a steam-boiler, two rows of superimposed horizontal extendingwater-tubes forming the sides of the boiler, vertical risers at thecorners o1' the boiler to which said horizontal tubes are connected,closely-arranged vertical water-tubes between the risers and forming theends o1' the boiler, and still other water-tubes forming the top of theboiler.

9. In a steam-boiler, two sets of superimposed horizontal water-tubesforming the sides of the boiler, vertical water-tubes forming the endsof the boiler, and inclined water-tubes forming the top ofthe boiler,said latter watertubes being spaced from each other to afford outletsfor the products of combustion. i

10. A steam-boiler having' its sides and ends formed by closely-arrangedwater-tubes, and its top by inclined water tubes which are spaced fromeach other, the water-tubes at the sides o1' the boiler beinghorizontally arranged.

11. In a steam-boiler, two sets of closelyarranged horizontalwater-tubes forming the sides of the boiler, other closely-arrangedwater-tubes forming the ends of the boiler, and inclined water-tubesforming the top of the boiler, said latter water-tubes being connectedto thesupper tube of` each set of horizontal tubes.

l2. Inasteam-boiler, closely-arranged hori- IOO zontal water-tubesforming the sides of the boiler, other closely-arranged horizontal tubesforming the ends of the boiler, inclined watertubes forming the top ofthe boiler, and a steam-dome to which all of said latter tubes areconnected.

13. In a steam-boiler, closely-arranged horizontal water-tubes formingthe sides of the boiler, other closely-arranged water-tubes forming theends of the boiler, inclined watertubes connected to the upperhorizontal tube at each side of the boiler, and a steam-dome to whichall of said inclined tubes are connected.

14. In a steam-boiler, closely-arranged horizontal tubular headersforming two opposed sides of the boiler, closely-arranged watertubesforming the ends of the boiler, inclined tubular headers forming the topof the boiler, and inclined water-tubes inthe interior of the boiler andconnecting the headers at the top of the boiler with thehorizontally-disposed headers.

15. In a steam-boiler, closely-arranged horizontal water-tubes formingthe sides thereof, other closely-arranged water-tubes forming the endsthereof, and two rows of oppositelyinclined water-tubes forming the topthereof, the lower ends of the tubes of cach row being connected to theupper horizontal tube at the corresponding side of the boiler.

16. In asteam-boiler, closely-arrangedhorizontal tubular headers formingthe sides thereof, closely-arranged water-tubes forming the endsthereof, two rows of oppositely-inclined tubular headers forming the topthereof, the lower ends of the tubular headers of each row beingconnected to the upper horizontal tubular headers at the correspondingside of the boiler, and inclined tubes in the interior of the boilerconnecting each inclined tubular header at the top of the boiler withthe horizontal tubular headers at the opposite side of the boiler.

17. In a water-tube boiler, closely-arranged horizontal tubular headersforming the sides of the boiler, closely-arranged vertical watertubesforming the ends of said boiler, means forming a steam or water space atthe top of the boiler, and rows of inclined water-tubes in the interiorof the boiler connecting said steam and water space with the horizontaltubular headers at each side of the boiler.

18. In a water-tube boiler, closely-arranged horizontal tubular headersforming the sides of the boiler, closely-arranged vertical tubularheaders forming the ends of said boiler, means forming a steam or waterspace at the top of the boiler, rows of inclined water-tubes in theinterior of the boiler connecting said steam and water space with thehorizontal tubular headers at each side of the boiler, and horizontalwater-tubes also situated within the boiler and connecting the verticaltubular headers at opposite ends.

19. In asteam-boiler,closelyarranged horizontal water-tubes forming thesides of the boiler, closely-arranged vertical water-tubes forming theends of the boiler and inclined water-tubes forming the top of theboiler, the vertical water-tubes at the ends of the boiler beingconnected at their upper ends to the adiacent inclined water-tubes.

20. A steam-boiler having its sides formed by horizontalindividually-removable watertubes and its top by inclinedindividually-re movable water-tubes which are spaced from each other,the spaces between said latter water-tubes forming an outlet for theproducts of combustion.

21. A steam-boiler having its sides formed by horizontal water-tubes,its ends by vertical water-tubes, and its top by inclined watertubes,said watertubes being individually removable.

22. In a steam-boiler, horizontal tubular headers forming two oppositesides of the boiler, water-tubes forming the ends of the boiler,inclined tubular headers forming the top of the boiler and inclinedwater-tubes in the interior of the boiler connecting the headers at thetop of the boiler with the horizontal headers.

23. In a steam-boiler, horizontal tubular headers forming the sides ofthe boiler, inclined tubular headers forming the top of the boiler, andinclined water-tubes connecting the headers at the top with those at thesides.

24. A steam-boiler having its sides formed by tubular headers and itstop by other tubular headers and water-tubes in the interior of theboiler connecting the headers at the top to those at the sides, saidwater-tubes extending substantially perpendicular to both of saidheaders.

25. In a steam-boiler, horizontal tubular headers at the sides of theboiler, inclined tubular headers at the top of the boiler, andwater-tubes connecting the headers at the top with those at the sides.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

JAMES M. MCCLELLON.

Witnesses:

Louis C. SMITH, EDWARD F. ALLEN.

IOO

IOS

IIO

